Ventilacija SI https://ventilacija.si Ventilacija, prezračevanje Thu, 05 Oct 2023 14:24:19 +0000 sl-SI hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.4.8 https://ventilacija.si/wp-content/uploads/cropped-SEV-Icon-green-bck-2-32x32.png Ventilacija SI https://ventilacija.si 32 32 170792822 Do You Know How to Clean the Air Vents in Your Home? https://ventilacija.si/do-you-know-how-to-clean-the-air-vents-in-your-home/ Thu, 05 Oct 2023 14:24:19 +0000 https://ventilacija.si/do-you-know-how-to-clean-the-air-vents-in-your-home/ ]]> Ventilacija SI Do You Know How to Clean the Air Vents in Your Home?

Dust settles everywhere, from shelves to tables to countertops — to your air vents. In fact, your vents may be the reason there’s so much dust in the first place. When air from your HVAC system blows through them, it circulates that dust throughout your home. By cleaning your vents, you can reduce it and improve indoor air quality. Read on to learn how.

Basic Maintenance

If you want to keep your air clean, one of the best things you can do is to dust and vacuum regularly. Getting rid of the dust keeps it from circulating and diminishing your IAQ. You should also change your system’s air filter regularly to capture and remove the dust that remains.

When you’re dusting, be sure to dust your air vents as well. Going over them once a month or so with a wet cloth will help keep dirt and contaminants at bay. However, if you notice a dark ring around your vents, bad odors coming from them, or just a drop in air quality, then it’s time to give them a more thorough cleaning.

Deep Cleaning of Air Vents

At least once or twice a year, you should give your air vents a deep clean. Start by turning off your HVAC system. Then take a screwdriver and remove the covers from each vent. (Keep the screws in a bag so you don’t lose them.) Next, wash the vent covers in warm, soapy water, using a brush to scrub them clean. Rinse them and put them on a rack to dry.

Then, take a vacuum with a hose attachment and vacuum inside each vent. You can also use an electrostatic mop with a long handle to reach as far into the vent as possible. Finally, replace the vent covers and turn your HVAC system back on.

If, while cleaning, you notice mold, mildew, or vermin inside the vents, you’ll need more than a DIY clean: Call for a professional duct cleaning immediately.

For help improving your indoor air quality, contact us at Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning. We keep Lorain, Elyria, and Oberlin homes comfortable, healthy, and efficient.

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]]> 6601 Know How to Keep Up with Vent Cleaning in Your Home https://ventilacija.si/know-how-to-keep-up-with-vent-cleaning-in-your-home/ Tue, 19 Sep 2023 17:09:01 +0000 https://ventilacija.si/know-how-to-keep-up-with-vent-cleaning-in-your-home/ Ventilacija SI Know How to Keep Up with Vent Cleaning in Your Home

How often should you clean your vents and your ducts? Is it an annual need? Can you do it yourself, or should you hire a professional? How do you do it, and what effect will it have on your indoor air quality? Here’s how to keep up with vent cleaning in your home. DIY Vent […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Know How to Keep Up with Vent Cleaning in Your Home

How often should you clean your vents and your ducts? Is it an annual need? Can you do it yourself, or should you hire a professional? How do you do it, and what effect will it have on your indoor air quality? Here’s how to keep up with vent cleaning in your home.

DIY Vent Cleaning

If your vents are dirty, your HVAC system can blow dust into your home, significantly lowering your IAQ. To prevent this, your vent covers should be dusted regularly, every month or two, to prevent the buildup of dirt and debris.

Once a year, give your vents a more thorough cleaning. Start by turning off your HVAC system. Then, remove all your vent covers and wash them thoroughly with soap and warm water. While waiting for them to dry, you can clean the inside of the vents. Get a vacuum cleaner with a long hose and vacuum all around the inside of the vents as far as you can reach. You can also use an electrostatic mop or duster with a long handle to reach inside and attract the dirt. Once you’re done, replace the covers on the vents. Finally, replace the air filters and turn your HVAC system back on.

Professional Vent Cleaning

Some experts recommend having your ducts professionally cleaned every eight to 10 years. Others say you should only do it when it’s necessary for your home’s air health. Necessary circumstances include: if the vents are clogged with dust, there’s a buildup of mold and mildew, or there are vermin living inside the ducts. If you find any of these things in your vents, call a professional immediately.

Also beware of scams. Proper vent cleaning is a very expensive process that requires special equipment. If a company calls you up and tells you your ducts should be cleaned every year or offers you a special price to come and clean your ducts, they’re most likely not legitimate and won’t perform a proper cleaning.

To ensure your vents operate efficiently, contact us at Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning. We keep Lorain, Elyria, and Oberlin homes comfortable.

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]]> 6599 Get the Most Efficient Vent Cover Material for Your Home https://ventilacija.si/get-the-most-efficient-vent-cover-material-for-your-home/ Tue, 20 Dec 2022 14:09:28 +0000 https://ventilacija.si/get-the-most-efficient-vent-cover-material-for-your-home/ Ventilacija SI Get the Most Efficient Vent Cover Material for Your Home

The vent covers that attach to your ductwork openings are essential for the proper functioning of your HVAC system. There’s a variety of vent cover materials to choose from. Let’s break down the different types of covers and the materials that suit them. Registers Registers are small, louvered vent covers that control the flow of […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Get the Most Efficient Vent Cover Material for Your Home

The vent covers that attach to your ductwork openings are essential for the proper functioning of your HVAC system. There’s a variety of vent cover materials to choose from. Let’s break down the different types of covers and the materials that suit them.

Registers

Registers are small, louvered vent covers that control the flow of heated or cool air into a room. You can install them on floors to let heated air rise into a room or in walls and ceilings to control the flow of cool air.

Cast iron, aluminum, and steel are among the best materials for registers. These materials are also fire-retardant. Humidity can make metal registers rust. ABS plastic resin is excellent for floor registers in high-humidity areas such as kitchens and bathrooms. Wood is a great choice for flush-mount registers on hardwood flooring, as it creates an elegant, integrated look.

Grilles

Grilles are vent covers that allow air from a room to return to your HVAC system for heating or cooling while preventing things from entering the vent and damaging your system. They’re commonly made of durable steel, aluminum, or wood. Polystyrene, a plastic resin, is also an excellent option for grilles, as it makes them more resistant to heat. Grilles can warp without sufficient heat resistance.

Ceiling Diffusers

Ceiling diffusers use multiple layers or sides to direct air into a room to facilitate better airflow distribution. Aluminum is a commonly used material in ceiling diffusers. Steel and ABS resin are also suitable materials for ceiling diffusers.

Baseboard Registers

Baseboard registers are installed in baseboards to allow airflow through ductwork that’s typically long and slender for cooling and heating. Baseboard diffusers operate like ceiling diffusers to improve air distribution. These registers are diffusers and are usually made from steel for durability. You can also find some that are made of wood.

You can choose a color or material that’s stainable or paintable to make your vent covers complement your home decor. For more information on vent covers, contact Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning, proudly serving the home-comfort needs of residents in the Lorain area.

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]]> 6583 Learn the Ins and Outs of Dryer Vent Safety in Your Home https://ventilacija.si/learn-the-ins-and-outs-of-dryer-vent-safety-in-your-home/ Mon, 05 Dec 2022 19:08:41 +0000 https://ventilacija.si/learn-the-ins-and-outs-of-dryer-vent-safety-in-your-home/ Ventilacija SI Learn the Ins and Outs of Dryer Vent Safety in Your Home

Fires caused by obstructed home dryer vents are not uncommon.  Dryers are the main culprit in more than 90% of house fires that are attributed to laundry units. Dryers combine two very flammable elements: high temperatures and fabric lint. If the combustion temperature is reached, excessive lint that has accumulated inside the dryer vent pipe may ignite and […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Learn the Ins and Outs of Dryer Vent Safety in Your Home

Fires caused by obstructed home dryer vents are not uncommon.  Dryers are the main culprit in more than 90% of house fires that are attributed to laundry units. Dryers combine two very flammable elements: high temperatures and fabric lint. If the combustion temperature is reached, excessive lint that has accumulated inside the dryer vent pipe may ignite and cause an extremely high-temperature fire that may spread rapidly into the structure of the house.

Home dryer ventilation ducts are designed to exhaust heat to the exterior of the house in order to maintain safe temperatures inside the dryer. The dryer incorporates a lint trap that filters out loose lint and prevents it from accumulating inside the vent pipe, where it may ignite.

Here are some ways to protect your home and family from dryer fires. Be sure to know the warning signs. A clogged dryer vent often produces certain symptoms.

It takes an unusually long time to dry clothes.
You notice lint particles escaping from the dryer while it’s running — often around the dryer-door seal.
Lint particles are noticeable on dried clothes.
The automatic safety shut-off turns the dryer off because internal temperatures have reached dangerous levels due to a clogged vent pipe. This is the most serious warning.

Clean the lint trap before every load. Remove any lint clinging to dryer vents with your fingers or with a brush. For best results, remove the lint trap and wash it in a sink with warm, soapy water at regular intervals.

Schedule professional preventative maintenance.  Maintenance on dryer vents should be performed once a year by a certified technician. The process includes inspecting the entire length of the vent pipe for blockages, kinks, leakage, and other issues. The vent pipe, as well as the dryer, are vacuumed to remove any residual lint or other material.

For more information on safety issues related to dryer vents, contact the professionals at Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning.

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]]> 6580 Know What to Do When It Comes to Vent Cleaning in Your Home https://ventilacija.si/know-what-to-do-when-it-comes-to-vent-cleaning-in-your-home/ Tue, 02 Aug 2022 16:15:26 +0000 https://ventilacija.si/know-what-to-do-when-it-comes-to-vent-cleaning-in-your-home/ Ventilacija SI Know What to Do When It Comes to Vent Cleaning in Your Home

When cleaning your Lorain home, it’s easy to overlook your HVAC vents. Heated or cooled air flows through these vents and into different rooms, which helps your home feel comfortable in all seasons. Over time, your vents can become dusty or dirty, lowering your indoor air quality (IAQ). Keep the following tips on vent cleaning […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Know What to Do When It Comes to Vent Cleaning in Your Home

When cleaning your Lorain home, it’s easy to overlook your HVAC vents. Heated or cooled air flows through these vents and into different rooms, which helps your home feel comfortable in all seasons. Over time, your vents can become dusty or dirty, lowering your indoor air quality (IAQ). Keep the following tips on vent cleaning in mind to ensure that your home’s air stays healthy.

Turn Your HVAC System Off

No matter which vents you’re cleaning, always make sure you shut off your HVAC system first. Once you’ve done this, you can start cleaning wall vents, floor vents, or other types of vents in your home.

Vacuum Ductwork

Take vent coverings off so you can access your ducts. Dust and other debris can coat the inside of your ductwork. Use a vacuum attachment to remove dust and debris from inside your ducts.

Vent Cleaning: How To

Wipe down your vent coverings with a clean cloth in order to remove dirt and dust. You can also soak them in soapy water for about 15 minutes to remove heavier stains or layers of dust and grime.

Put Vents Back in Place

When you’re done soaking and rinsing your vent covers, dry them off with a clean towel. Once your vents are completely dry, you can put them back on and start running your HVAC system again.

Change Air Filters

While you’re doing vent cleaning, consider putting a new air filter into your HVAC system, especially if you haven’t changed it in a long time. New air filters and freshly cleaned vents and ducts help improve IAQ in your home. Keep in mind that air filters should be checked and replaced every few months (or more often as needed).

For more information on vent cleaning in your Lorain home, please contact Energy 1 Heating and Air Conditioning. Our HVAC professionals can answer your questions about keeping your vents clean and handle all of your HVAC needs.

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]]> 6575 Find Out If Your Air Ventilation System Is Working Properly https://ventilacija.si/find-out-if-your-air-ventilation-system-is-working-properly/ Thu, 16 Sep 2021 19:01:00 +0000 https://seventilation.si/find-out-if-your-air-ventilation-system-is-working-properly/ Ventilacija SI Find Out If Your Air Ventilation System Is Working Properly

There is quite a focus on indoor air quality these days. This is partly due to the concern surrounding COVID-19. Yet, the quest for healthier indoor air was already in progress for a few decades, as demonstrated by the growing popularity of air ventilation systems. By using an air ventilation system in a home, the homeowner is able to bring in fresh outdoor […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Find Out If Your Air Ventilation System Is Working Properly

There is quite a focus on indoor air quality these days. This is partly due to the concern surrounding COVID-19. Yet, the quest for healthier indoor air was already in progress for a few decades, as demonstrated by the growing popularity of air ventilation systems. By using an air ventilation system in a home, the homeowner is able to bring in fresh outdoor air without opening windows. However, there are significant differences between ventilation systems. Read on to learn how your air ventilation system can work for you.

Supply Ventilation Vs. Exhaust Ventilation

Supply and exhaust ventilation systems use one or more fans to move fresh air into a home or move stale air out of a home respectively. Fans may be mounted in the ceiling, inside ductwork, and/or in walls. Your typical kitchen exhaust fan is an example of exhaust ventilation.

The basic problems with supply and exhaust ventilation are that they create a significant air-pressure difference between the living spaces and the unconditioned spaces in a home. This causes the contaminants in the unconditioned spaces or that exist outdoors to be pulled into the living spaces. Furthermore, the unconditioned air must be heated or cooled to maintain home comfort.

Energy Recovery Ventilation and Balanced Ventilation

Energy recovery ventilator (ERV) systems and balanced ventilation systems share many features. Both air ventilation units use intake and exhaust fans to simultaneously pull fresh air into the home and push stale air out of the home. This means that both systems are “balanced” by way of maintaining relatively balanced air pressure between the living spaces, the unconditioned spaces, and the outdoor air.

However, there are very nice advantages to using an ERV over a balanced ventilation system. With an ERV, heat energy and moisture are exchanged between fresh air intake and stale exhaust air inside a heat-exchanger core. This means incoming fresh air is pre-conditioned, which helps reduce heating and cooling costs. By removing or adding moisture, indoor humidity is better managed.

For assistance choosing the right air ventilation system for your Elyria- or Oberlin-area home, contact the professionals at Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning.

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]]> 6494 Consider Ventilating Your Garage https://ventilacija.si/consider-ventilating-your-garage/ Wed, 10 Mar 2021 14:04:55 +0000 https://sev.seventilation.si/consider-ventilating-your-garage/ Ventilacija SI Consider Ventilating Your Garage

As concern about healthy indoor air quality increases, proper garage ventilation is an issue many homeowners are considering. Residential garages are typically closed most of the time and may serve as a reservoir of concentrated airborne fumes and contaminants that find their way indoors. These may be vapors from stored chemicals such as paint, solvents […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Consider Ventilating Your Garage

Consider Ventilating Your Garage | Energy 1

Consider Ventilating Your Garage | Energy 1As concern about healthy indoor air quality increases, proper garage ventilation is an issue many homeowners are considering. Residential garages are typically closed most of the time and may serve as a reservoir of concentrated airborne fumes and contaminants that find their way indoors. These may be vapors from stored chemicals such as paint, solvents and gasoline. More significantly, pulling a vehicle in or out of the garage may saturate the space with deadly carbon monoxide, which lingers after the door is closed.

Accumulated fumes can infiltrate HVAC ductwork routed through the garage and spread throughout the house. In addition, recent studies prove that carbon monoxide gas readily penetrates the microscopic pores of gypsum wallboard typically utilized in most residences and migrates from the garage into living spaces. Adequate garage ventilation is the only way to keep toxic fumes from contaminating your indoor environment.

What to Do

Consider installing a ventilation fan into a garage wall that exhausts air directly to the exterior of the structure. For the typical two- or three-car residential garage, a fan that moves 100 cubic feet per minute (CFM) should be adequate to remove toxic fumes and hot air from the garage.

How to Operate It

A garage ventilation fan can be installed to actuate on several different triggers.

  • A simple timer can turn the fan on and off daily at programmed times. It can also permit manual activation combined with an auto-off feature that shuts off the fan after a preset amount of run time.
  • A motion sensor can activate the fan when persons enter the garage or when a vehicle pulls in or out.
  • A temperature sensor can turn the fan on and off based on the interior temperature inside the garage.
  • A humidistat senses relative humidity inside the garage and can activate the fan when levels reach a certain trigger point.

For fan options to ensure proper garage ventilation, in Elyria and Oberlin contact the professionals at Energy 1 Heating & Air Conditioning.

Our goal is to help educate our customers in Lorain, Ohio about energy and home comfort issues (specific to HVAC systems). For more information about garage ventilation and other HVAC topics, download our free Home Comfort Guide or call us at 440-201-2959.

Credit/Copyright Attribution: “karamysh/Shutterstock”

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]]> 6363 ZRAK. Koliko ga potrebujemo ? https://ventilacija.si/zrak-koliko-ga-potrebujemo/ Wed, 24 Feb 2021 19:15:53 +0000 http://sev.seventilation.si/?p=5772 Ventilacija SI ZRAK. Koliko ga potrebujemo ?

Današnja novogradnja z "debelo" toplotno izolacijo, dobrimi okni (do 3 stekla), ki tesnijo skoraj 100%,  je rezultat naše želje po zmanjšanju stroškov ogrevanja / hlajenja hiše, stanovanja ali podobnega. Poti dobre gradnje sežejo tako daleč, da se vedno bolj pojavljajo t.i. pasivne hiše, ki imajo zelo majhno letno potrebo po toplotni energiji (do 15 kWh […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI ZRAK. Koliko ga potrebujemo ?

Koliko zraka potrebujemo ?

Današnja novogradnja z "debelo" toplotno izolacijo, dobrimi okni (do 3 stekla), ki tesnijo skoraj 100%,  je rezultat naše želje po zmanjšanju stroškov ogrevanja / hlajenja hiše, stanovanja ali podobnega. Poti dobre gradnje sežejo tako daleč, da se vedno bolj pojavljajo t.i. pasivne hiše, ki imajo zelo majhno letno potrebo po toplotni energiji (do 15 kWh / m2 prostora).

Pri vsem tem je ena težava. Z vgradnjo skoraj 100-odstotno nepredušne "zunanje lupine" postavljamo pod vprašaj kakovost zraka, ki je pomemben dejavnik zdravega in udobnega bivanja. Iz zgoraj navedenega izhaja, da novogradnje ustvarjajo hiše, ki jih lahko poistovetimo z izrazom "termo steklenica" - ohranjajo toploto in ne puščajo zraka.

Svež zrak lahko še vedno vstopi v te hiše tako, da ob vstopu ali izstopu iz hiše odpiramo vrata in odpiramo okna zaradi potrebe po prezračevanju prostora.

Odpiranje oken pozimi / poleti (ali ohranjanje pol odprtih) za prezračevanje je v neposrednem nasprotju z našim glavnim ciljem - da je namen gradnje hiše z dobro toplotno izolacijo zmanjšati stroške ogrevanja / hlajenja.

Koliko zraka potrebujemo?
Ogljikov dioksid je plin, ki je produkt našega dihanja. Po navedbah nemškega kemika in higienika Maxa von Pettenkoferja je bila največja dovoljena koncentracija CO2 v zraku v prostoru določena kot merilo onesnaženosti. To je CO2 max = 0,1 vol% ali 1000 ppm (tako imenovano Pettenkoferjevo število).

Oseba, ki se ukvarja z normalno dejavnostjo in eno uro diha, izdiha 0,5 m3 zraka s koncentracijo CO2 4 vol. %. Ob predpostavki, da svež zunanji zrak, ki vstopa v prostor, že vsebuje CO2 s koncentracijo 0,035 vol.% in da zrak v prostoru ne vsebuje več kot največja dovoljena koncentracija CO2 0,1 vol.% (Pettenkofer), sledi, da svež zrak zahteva približno 30 m3 / uro na osebo.  Med spanjem je ta količina lahko 18-20 m3 / uro na osebo.

 

 

VIR: WISSENSWERTES ÜBER DEN LUFTWECHSEL UND MODERNE LÜFTUNGSMETHODEN, (08 Energiesparinformationenen), Hessisches Ministryium für Umwelt, Energie, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, 2004.

Izmerjene vrednosti CO2 v spalnici
Na sliki so prikazane spremembe koncentracije CO2 v eni spalnici družinske hiše moderne novogradnje, odvisno od naravnega načina prezračevanja - odpiranja oken (pogostost odpiranja in trajanje odpiranja oken).

Prekomerna vsebnost CO2 v zraku negativno vpliva na zdravje članov gospodinjstva, zlasti na zdrav razvoj otrok. Motnje se kažejo kot: nemiren spanec, nočno znojenje, jutranji glavoboli, zmanjšana koncentracija itd.

Drugi vidiki potreb po izmenjavi zraka
Vnos vlage v zrak bivalnega prostora se dogaja vsak dan, najpogostejši "krivci" pa so kuhanje, tuširanje, likanje, sušenje perila in celo človeško potenje. Strokovna literatura navaja, da ena povprečna družina v enem dnevu proizvede 5 -12 kg vlage, ki se vgradi v bivalni zrak. Prekomerna vlaga v prostoru negativno vpliva tudi na gradbeno strukturo. Lahko nastane plesen, razvijejo se bakterije in pršice, ki vplivajo na naš dihalni sistem.

Da bi preprečili te negativne pojave, je treba za zaužitje svežega zraka v eni uri zagotoviti najmanj 0,5m3 menjave zraka. Število menjav se lahko spremeni, odvisno od namembnosti prostora.
Npr. soba 16 m2 x 2,7 m višina = 43,2 m³
43,2 x 0,5 = 21,6 m³ v eni uri svežega zraka.

Koliko zraka vnesemo z naravnim prezračevanjem?
Zgornji primeri (spodaj) prikazujejo, kako dolgo traja, da se zrak v sobi popolnoma spremeni. Prikazani čas je okvirni in je odvisen od več dejavnikov: odprtosti okna, velikosti okna in sobe, vpliva vetra itd.

Npr. spalnica, dve osebi, soba 16 m2 x 2,7 m = 42,3 m³, min. potrebna količina zraka za dve sobi = 2 x 20 m³ / h = 40 m³ / h, iz česar izhaja, da je treba skupno prostornino zraka v prostoru spremeniti v približno eni uri.

Iz spodnjih primerov npr. sledi: okno mora biti čez noč stalno odprto na »kip« (slika a), da bo v prostor prišlo dovolj svežega zraka. To je  sprejemljivo zaradi dovoda zraka, nikakor pa ne pozimi zaradi stalnih toplotnih izgub.

Ali obstaja rešitev?

 

REŠITEV - VSE ZGORNJE TEŽAVE SO V UPORABI SISTEMA ZA OBNOVITEV ZRAKA

Z uporabo sistema z rekuperacijo zraka ni več treba odpirati oken, saj se v  neprestano zagotavlja zadostna količina svežega zraka.

Kaj je rekuperacija zraka?

 

Rekuperacija zraka je postopek izmenjave "porabljenega" živega zraka s svežim zrakom iz zunanjega okolja v napravi, imenovani - rekuperator zraka, in sicer tako, da:

v zimskem času

"Porabljen" sobni topel zrak med prehodom skozi rekuperator (hranilnik toplote) segreje svež zrak, ki prihaja od zunaj (segreva ga) in tak ogret svež zrak vstopi v bivalni prostor.

Rezultat: v prostor smo "dostavili" topel svež zrak, medtem ko bi na klasičen način prezračevanja, npr.  z odpiranjem okna, v prostor dostavili svež HLADEN zrak. To zmanjša energijo, potrebno za ogrevanje prostorov.

V poletnem času

porabljeni klimatizirani zrak iz prostora med prehodom skozi rekuperator ohladi svež topel zrak, ki prihaja od zunaj, in tak ohlajen zrak vstopi v bivalni prostor.

Rezultat: v prostor smo "dostavili" delno ohlajen svež zrak, medtem ko bi na klasičen način spreminjanja zraka, npr.  z odpiranjem okna, v prostor dostavili svež, a topel zrak. To zmanjša energijo, potrebno za hlajenje prostora.

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]]> 5772 Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890/EN 779 https://ventilacija.si/kaksne-filtre-lahko-uporabimo/ Mon, 15 Feb 2021 17:41:20 +0000 http://sev.seventilation.si/?p=5297 Ventilacija SI Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890/EN 779

Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890 /EN 779 Standard ISO 16890 zagotavlja postopke določanja, ki bolj realistično simulirajo dejanske delovne pogoje in nadomeščajo klasifikacijo starih standardnih filtrov G1 - F9 s sistemom klasifikacije, ki temelji na delcih PM1, PM2,5 in PM10. Učinki trdnih delcev (PM) na zdravje ljudi so bili temeljito preučeni in rezultati kažejo, da je droben […]

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]]> Ventilacija SI Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890/EN 779

Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890 /EN 779

Klasifikacija filtrov ISO 16890 /EN 779

Standard ISO 16890 zagotavlja postopke določanja, ki bolj realistično simulirajo dejanske delovne pogoje in nadomeščajo klasifikacijo starih standardnih filtrov G1 - F9 s sistemom klasifikacije, ki temelji na delcih PM1, PM2,5 in PM10. Učinki trdnih delcev (PM) na zdravje ljudi so bili temeljito preučeni in rezultati kažejo, da je droben prah lahko resno tveganje za zdravje, ki prispeva ali celo povzroča bolezni dihal in srca in ožilja.

Stekleni delci so v kontekstu ISO 16890 opisani kot delež velikosti naravnih aerosolov (tekočih in trdnih delcev), suspendiranih v zunanjem zraku.

Simbol ePMx opisuje učinkovitost čistilca zraka na delcih z optičnim premerom med 0,3 μm in x μm.

Za razliko od EN 779, ki določa razrede filtrov, je ISO 16890 razvrščen po filtrirnih skupinah in ocenjuje delovanje filtra z ustavitvijo delcev velikosti od 0,3 do 10 μm.

Razlika je torej v tem, da stari standardni test ustavi le eno velikost delcev (0,4 μm), medtem ko novi standard določa zaustavitev v spektru velikosti delcev.

 

RAZVRSTITEV
Novi standard ISO16890 deli zračne filtre v štiri skupine. Predpogoj za vsako skupino je, da filter zabeleži vsaj 50% ustreznega obsega delcev. Če na primer filter ustavi več kot 50% delcev PM1, bo razvrščen v filter ISO ePM1. Nato se dokaže ustrezna učinkovitost, zaokrožena v korakih po 5%.
Novi filter ISO poleg filtrov za drobni prah ocenjuje tudi filtre za grob prah kot ISO COARSE, torej filtre, ki zajemajo manj kot 50% PM10.

Zračni filter izpolnjuje zahteve za skupino ISO ePM1 ali ISO ePM2.5, če doseže najmanjšo učinkovitost 50% ali več za velikost delcev ≤1 μm ali ≤2,5 μm.

Celotna klasifikacija ISO 16890 poleg doseganja skupine filtrov vključuje tudi povprečno učinkovitost filtra.

Minimalni izkoristek je opredeljen kot izkoristek, dosežen po elektrostatičnem praznjenju filtra pred preskusom. Povprečni izkoristek filtra izračunamo s povprečnim izkoristkom filtra v neobdelanem stanju, tj. pred praznjenjem in v izpraznjenem stanju.

Primer:

Če filter doseže najmanjši izkoristek 45% v spektru velikosti PM1 in 56% v spektru velikosti PM2,5, ne izpolnjuje pogojev za skupino filtrov ISO ePM1 - ki jo je zgrešil za 5% -, vendar izpolnjuje pogoje za ISO ePM2 .5 filtrirna skupina. Ob predpostavki, da je bila povprečna učinkovitost tega filtra za delce ISO ePM2,5 68%, je ta odstotek zaokrožen na najbližji prirastek 5% (zaokrožen na 65%), zato je klasifikacija filtra ISO 16890 ISO ePM2,5. 65%.

Za razvrstitev v skupino filtrov ISO ePM10 mora filter doseči povprečno učinkovitost ePM10 ≥ 50%. Filtri s povprečno učinkovitostjo <50% za to območje velikosti delcev so bili razvrščeni v skupino grobih filtrov ISO in glede na začetno gravimetrično stagnacijo.

 

 

Filter Velikost delcev (μm) Kriterij razvrstitve Primer
ISO ePM1 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1 Minimalna učinkovitost ≥ 50% Virusi, nanodelci, izpušni plini itd.
ISO ePM2,5 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 2,5 Minimalna učinkovitost ≥ 50% Bakterije, cvetni prah, prah tonerja, spore plesni itd.
ISO ePM10 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 10 Povprečna učinkovitost ≥ 50% Cvetni prah, pesek itd.
ISO Coarse 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 10 Povprečna učinkovitost <50% Pesek, lasje itd.

 

Tabela 2. Primerjava klasifikacije standardov EN779 in ISO16890

EN 779 ISO 16890
Naziv Filtri za delce zraka za splošno filtracijo Zračni filtri za splošno prezračevanje
Veljavnost Do sredine leta 2018. Od konca leta 2016
Ocena zaustavitve Razred filtra G1 do G4: povprečne gravimetrične zaustavitve.
Razred filtra od M5 do F9: ustavi delce s premerom do 0,4 μm.		 Razvrstitev temelji na zaustavitvi delcev v območju premera 0,3 - 10 μm.
Klasifikacija filtrov  Razred filtra G1 – G4

M5 – M6

F7 – F9

 Skupina filtra ISO Coarse

ISO ePM10

ISO ePM2,5

ISO ePM1
Glavne lastnosti - Povprečni gravimetrični postanek

- Povprečna učinkovitost in najmanjša učinkovitost za delce s premerom 0,4 μm

- sposobnost zadrževanja prahu za preskusne delce

- Padec tlaka v odvisnosti od volumetričnega pretoka

 - Začetni gravimetrični zaustavitev (obvezno samo za ISO grobo)

- Povprečno delno ustavljanje delcev PM1, PM2,5 in PM10

- Minimalna učinkovitost ≥ 50% za preiskovano skupino PM

- Zmogljivost zadrževanja prahu za preskusni prah

- Padec tlaka v odvisnosti od volumetrične prepustnosti

Klasifikacija filtrov EN 779

Kategorizacija razredov filtrov in velikosti delcev

Velikost delca Primeri Razred Tipična uporaba
Grob prah, velikost delcev> 10 µm
žuželke
tekstilna vlakna in
dlake
pesek
leteči pepel
spore, cvetni prah
cementni prah
 G 1
G 2		 preproste aplikacije (npr. zaščita pred insekti za kompaktne stroje)
G 3
G 4		 pred-filtri in obtočni filtri za potrebe civilne zaščite
izpušni filtri za kabine za brizganje, kuhinje itd.
vhodni zračni filtri za klimatske naprave in kompaktne stroje (npr. okenske klimatske naprave, ventilatorji)
predfiltri za razrede filtrov M6 do F8
Droben prah, velikost delcev 1 - 10 µm
cvetni prah
spore
cementni prah
leteči pepel
bakterije in klice na gostiteljskih delcih
 M 5 filtri za dovod zunanjega zraka za prostore z nizko čistočo (npr. tovarne, skladišča, garaže)
M 5
M 6
F 7		 pred filtri in obtočni filtri v centralnih prezračevalnih postajah
končni filtri za klimatizacijo prodajnih prostorov, veleblagovnic, pisarn in nekaterih proizvodnih obratov
pred filtri za razrede filtrov F9 do E11
oljni hlapi in aglomerirane saje
tobačni dim
kovinsko-oksidni dim		 F 7
F 8
F 9		 končni filtri za klimatizacijo pisarn, proizvodnih obratov, nadzornih centrov, bolnišnic, EDP centrov
pred-filtri za filtrske razrede E11 do H13 in filtre z aktivnim ogljem
Suspendirani delci, velikost delcev< 1 µm
mikrobi, bakterije, virusi
tobačni dim
kovinsko-oksidni dim
 E 10
E 11
E 12		 končni filtri za prostore z visokimi in najvišjimi zahtevami glede čistosti (npr. za laboratorije, za predelavo živil, farmacevtske, finomehanične, optične ali elektronske obrate ali zdravstvene ustanove)
E 11 končni filtri za čiste prostore, razredi 100.000 ali 10.000
oljni hlapi in saje v nastajajočem stanju
radioaktivni suspendirani delci		 E 12
H 13		 končni filtri za čiste prostore, razredi 10.000 ali 100
končni filtri v zavetiščih civilne zaščite
filtri za izpušni zrak v jedrskih elektrarnah
aerosoli H 14
U 15
U 16		 končni filtri za čiste prostore, razredi 10 ali 1

Razvrstitev grobih in finih filtrov po EN 779: 2002

Razred Končni test padec tlaka Povprečna količina (Am)
testnega prahu ASHRAE		 Povprečna učinkovitost (Em)
0,4 µm delcev
Pa
G1 250 50% ≤ Am < 65% -
G2 250 65% ≤ Am < 80% -
G3 250 80% ≤ Am < 90% -
G4 250 90% ≤ Am -
F5 450 - 40% ≤ Em < 60%
F6 450 - 60% ≤ Em < 80%
F7 450 - 80% ≤ Em < 90%
F8 450 - 90% ≤ Em < 95%
F9 450 - 95% ≤ Em

Klasifikacija grobih, srednjih in finih filtrov po EN 779: 2012

Razred Končni test padec tlaka Povprečna količina (Am)
testnega prahu ASHRAE		 Povprečna učinkovitost (Em)
0,4 µm delcev		 Minimalna učinkovitost *
delcev 0,4 µm
Pa
G1 250 50% ≤ Am < 65% - -
G2 250 65% ≤ Am < 80% - -
G3 250 80% ≤ Am < 90% - -
G4 250 90% ≤ Am - -
M5 450 - 40% ≤ Em < 60% -
M6 450 - 60% ≤ Em < 80% -
F7 450 - 80% ≤ Em < 90% 35%
F8 450 - 90% ≤ Em < 95% 55%
F9 450 - 95% ≤ Em 70%

* Najmanjši izkoristek je najnižji izkoristek med začetnim izkoristkom, praznjenim izkoristkom in najnižjim izkoristkom med postopkom obremenitve preskusa.

Značilnosti atmosferskega prahu se zelo razlikujejo v primerjavi s sintetičnim prahom, ki se uporablja pri preskusih. Zaradi tega rezultati preskusov v skladu z EN 779 ne predstavljajo podlage za napovedovanje niti obratovalnih zmogljivosti niti življenjske dobe. Glede na njihovo zasnovo je mogoče filtre uporabljati v dejanskih pogojih na mestu do višjih končnih padcev tlaka od tistih, ki so podani tukaj.

Razvrstitev visoko učinkovitih filtrov EPA in HEPA v skladu z EN 1822: 2009

Razred Skupna vrednost Lokalna vrednost
Učinek Penetracija Učinek Penetracija
E 10 ≥85% ≤15% - -
E 11 ≥95% ≤5% - -
E 12 ≥99.5% ≤0.5% - -
H 13 ≥99.95% ≤0.05% ≥99.75% ≤0.25%
H 14 ≥99.995% ≤0.005% ≥99.975% ≤0.025%
U 15 ≥99.999 5% ≤0.000 5% ≥99.997 5% ≤0.002 5%
U 16 ≥99.999 95% ≤0.000 05% ≥99.999 75% ≤0.000 25%
U 17 ≥99.999 995% ≤0.000 005% ≥99.999 9% ≤0.000 1%

Klasifikacija po ISO 29463: 2011

Razred Skupna vrednost Lokalna vrednost
Učinek Penetracija Učinek Penetracija
ISO 15 E ≥95% ≤5% - -
ISO 20 E ≥99% ≤1% - -
ISO 25 E ≥99.5% ≤0.5% - -
ISO 30 E ≥99.90% ≤0.1% - -
ISO 35 H ≥99.95% ≤0.05% ≥99.75% ≤0.25%
ISO 40 Hd ≥99.99% ≤0.01% ≥99.95% ≤0.05%
ISO 45 Hd ≥99.995% ≤0.005% ≥99.975% ≤0.025%
ISO 50 U ≥99.999% ≤0.001% ≥99.995% ≤0.005%
ISO 55 U ≥99.999 5% ≤0.000 5% ≥99.997 5% ≤0.002 5%
ISO 60 U ≥99.999 9% ≤0.000 1% ≥99.999 5% ≤0.000 5%
ISO 65 U ≥99.999 95% ≤0.000 05% ≥99.999 75% ≤0.000 25%
ISO 70 U ≥99.999 99% ≤0.000 01% ≥99.999 9% ≤0.000 1%
ISO 75 U ≥99.999 995% ≤0.000 005% ≥99.999 9% ≤0.000 1%

Glavne razlike med EN779 in ISO 16890

EFS / Inženirski filtrirni sistemi

Glavne razlike med standardi EN 779 in ISO 16890 so v pristopu k metodam preskušanja in klasifikacije zračnega filtra. Ta sprememba se je zgodila, ko jo je Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo (ISO) izdala kot prizadevanje za izboljšanje kakovosti zraka v luči novih študij, predpisov in vedno večjega onesnaženja z delci (PM). Poudarek novega standarda je na drobnem prahu in je zelo podrobno opisan v obsežnih preskusnih postopkih in metodah razvrščanja.

Nove študije, pričakovanja, predpisi

Javna dokumentacija vodilnih svetovnih skupin, povezanih z zdravjem, vedno navaja, da so PM 10, PM2,5 in PM1 drobni prah najbolj škodljivi za ljudi, vendar EN 779 teh ravni PM ne upošteva.

Ta javna dokumentacija temelji na novih študijah, ki kažejo na povečanje onesnaženosti s PM. Pokažejo tudi, da lahko delci s premerom 1 mikrona ali manj preidejo v človeški krvni obtok skozi pljučne celične membrane alveolov.

Manjši drobni delci prahu v človeškem telesu med kardiovaskularnimi težavami in drugimi učinki negativno vplivajo na regulacijo živčnega sistema. Novi standardi ISO upoštevajo te študije, ki so bile javnosti predstavljene kot logičen korak pri usklajevanju standardov s pričakovanji javnosti in z novimi predpisi, ki jih je določila Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) in okoljska agencije.

Preskušanje zračnega filtra

Učinkovitost zračnega filtra po EN 779 naj bi izmerili s preskusnimi postopki, ki so upoštevali le delce velikosti .4 mikronov. Novi preskusni postopki za zračni filter ISO 16890 upoštevajo delce od 10 mikronov do 0,3 mikronov.

Novi preskusni aerosol, kalijev klorid (KCL), je bil dodan tudi novim preskusnim metodam. Spremenile so se tudi metode preskušanja s postopki elektrostatičnega praznjenja, dovajanja prahu in končni preskusi diferenčnega tlaka.

Klasifikacija zračnega filtra

Zračni filtri morajo biti sposobni ločiti najmanj 50 odstotkov obsega delcev, da se uvrstijo v eno od treh frakcij drobnega prahu, PM10, PM 2,5 in PM1. Nove klasifikacije se zdaj imenujejo tudi skupine filtrov in ne filtrirni razredi.

Poleg tega se je vrednotenje zračnega filtra glede na izmerjeno količino spremenilo z novim standardom ISO 16890 in določene nove minimalne zahteve za ocene učinkovitosti.

Zaključek

Ker se toliko novih študij osredotoča na škodljive vplive drobnega prahu na zdravje, so se pričakovanja javnosti in vlade glede kakovosti zraka povečala. V skladu s posodobljenimi publikacijami so se spremenili postopki testiranja in metode razvrščanja.

Ti omogočajo izbiro najboljšega zračnega filtra glede na onesnaženost z delci na določenem geografskem območju in atmosferski ravni. Za več informacij o posodobitvi vašega sistema za filtriranje zraka z novimi standardi ISO 16890 se obrnite na Engineered Filtration Systems na 1-800-796-4337. Ali pa obiščite našo celotno linijo komercialnih zračnih filtrov na spletu.

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]]> 5297 Generator negativnih ionov https://ventilacija.si/nig-160-ionizator/ Mon, 15 Feb 2021 09:46:37 +0000 http://sev.seventilation.si/?p=5235 Ventilacija SI Generator negativnih ionov

Negativni ioni  izboljšajo metabolizem, zmanjšajo utrujenost, stres in bolečino, vzdržujejo hormonsko ravnovesje, blagodejno vplivajo na krvni tlak, čistijo zrak bakterij in virusov.
Kisik, ki ga vdihavamo v pljuča prodre skozi pljučne mešičke v kri samo zaradi svojega negativnega naboja.
Vse bolj problematično pa postaja premajhna količina negativnih ionov v zraku. V bivalnih prostorih je teh delcev le 20-30 na cm3. 
Za optimalno klimo je najugodneje, če je v prostoru, kjer preživljamo več časa, čim večja količina negativnih ionov, ki blagodejno očiščujejo zrak.
NIG-160 Ionizator. Ionizator je vgrajen v estetsko oblikovan notranji zaščitni pokrov za SEVi-160, primeren pa je tudi za prezračevalne naprave Ø160mm drugih proizvajalcev.

The post Generator negativnih ionov first appeared on Ventilacija SI.

]]> Ventilacija SI Generator negativnih ionov

Kaj so pozitivni in kaj negativni ioni?

Kaj so pozitivni in kaj negativni ioni?

Kaj so ioni in kako nastajajo
Ioni so atomi ali molekule, ki so pridobili ali izgubili elektron. Ko atomi izgubijo elektron, nastane pozitiven ion, ko prejmejo elektron, pa negativni. V naravi je najbolj ugodno stanje ionizacije zraka po nevihtah, nevihtah in nevihtah, ko pride do atmosferskih izpustov. Potem je v zraku opazno več negativnih kot pozitivnih ionov. Majhne kisikove negativne ione najdemo v osvežilnem okolju v bližini slapov, v borovih gozdovih, gorah in ob obali. V teh krajih najdemo od nekaj tisoč do nekaj deset tisoč negativnih ionov na kubični centimeter zraka. Telo za normalno delovanje potrebuje 1000 negativnih ionov na kubični centimeter zraka. V običajnem bivalnem prostoru lahko  izmerimo približno 100 negativnih ionov / cm3, medtem ko je v poslovnih prostorih in pisarnah povprečje le med 25 in 50 negativnimi ioni / cm3 zraka. V idealnih pogojih je število negativnih ionov med 2000 in 4000 / cm3.

V ozračju je stalno prisotno gibanje pozitivnih in negativnih ionov. Negativni ioni nastanejo ob močnem udarcu ali ob visoki napetosti, ki  “izstreli” negativne ione iz atoma. V naravi se tako sprošča velika količina negativnih ionov ob udarih strele, pa tudi ob slapovih.

Pomanjkanje negativnih ionov škodljivo vpliva na zdravje.

V mestih, industrijskih območjih in v zaprtih prostorih je pogosto (pre) veliko pozitivnih in (pre) malo negativnih ionov, kar povzroča utrujenost, povečano občutljivost, živčnost, izgubo koncentracije, težave z dihanjem, nespečnost … Zato se za zaprte prostore, kjer ne morete vplivajo na kakovost zraka priporoča uporabo ionizatorjev (naprav, ki zrak obogatijo z negativnimi ioni).

Negativni ioni  izboljšajo metabolizem, zmanjšajo utrujenost, stres in bolečino, vzdržujejo hormonsko ravnovesje, blagodejno vplivajo na krvni tlak, čistijo zrak bakterij in virusov. Kisik, ki ga vdihavamo v pljuča prodre skozi pljučne mešičke v kri samo zaradi svojega negativnega naboja. Vse bolj problematično pa postaja premajhna količina negativnih ionov v zraku. V bivalnih prostorih je teh delcev le 20-30 na cm3.  Za optimalno klimo je najugodneje, če je v prostoru, kjer preživljamo več časa, čim večja količina negativnih ionov, ki blagodejno očiščujejo zrak.

Ionizacija zraka

Raziskave kažejo, da en negativni ion s svojim nabojem omogoča učinkovito vezavo 10 na kar 80 molekul kisikovih ionov, zato negativni ioni uravnotežijo vse pomembnejše biološke procese človeškega telesa, povečajo telesno učinkovitost mišic ter hormonsko in intelektualno aktivnost. 

Posledice zmanjšanja negativnih ionov v zaprtih prostorih so znane vsem, ki se udeležujejo sestankov in seminarjev. Sprva so vsi vljudni in dobre volje, postopoma ton narašča, pogovori postanejo celo agresivni, čeprav se temperatura zraka ni zvišala. To so simptomi padca negativnih ionov v zraku in vdihavanja cigaretnega dima. Isti pojav je  tudi v avtomobilu, kar pojasnjuje težnjo voznika do agresivnosti.

Ioni v naravi nenehno nastajajo, vendar tudi hitro izginejo, njihovo število pa je odvisno od meteoroloških in kozmičnih razmer ter vlage in onesnaženosti zraka. Negativne ione ustvarjajo kozmično in sončno sevanje, radioaktivnost zemlje, nato pršenje dežja in vode ter ogenj (sveča je močan ionizator).

NIG-160 Ionizator 

Ionizator je vgrajen v estetsko oblikovan notranji zaščitni pokrov za SEVi-160, primeren pa je tudi za prezračevalne naprave Ø160mm drugih proizvajalcev

The post Generator negativnih ionov first appeared on Ventilacija SI.

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